K-Shaped Economies + Affordability Crisis + Trump vs. Mamdani Populism

This episode unpacks the concept of a K-shaped economy, examines how AI, war, and climate shocks may be widening inequality within and between countries, and explains why the divide is so hard to measure. It also explores competing responses to the affordability crisis—from Trump’s to Mamdani’s—and asks if a more centrist path could offer better solutions.   Hosts:   Rebecca Patterson, Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)   Sebastian Mallaby, Paul A. Volcker Senior Fellow for International Economics, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)   We discuss: How a true K-shaped economy features a widening divergence in which some groups accelerate upward while others fall behind. Why measuring the K-shaped economy is complicated, with major disagreements over data and methodology. How asset ownership, not just wages, helps explain why wealthier households pulled ahead during and after COVID through equities, housing, and cheap credit. Why inflation, war-driven energy and food shocks, and different household spending patterns can deepen economic divergence, especially for lower-income households. How the “mega K” concept applies globally, with geopolitical shocks like the Iran and Ukraine wars worsening divides between rich and poor countries. How artificial intelligence and climate change could worsen the K phenomenon, disproportionately pressuring workers, poorer countries, and those without capital. How contrasting policy prescriptions—from Trump’s tariffs and immigration restrictions to Mamdani’s proposed taxes on wealthy second-home owners—reflect competing populist approaches to affordability. How a revival of “radical centrism,” combining fiscally responsible reforms with practical policies to manage inequality, AI disruption, and long-term economic inclusion might help.   Mentioned on the Episode:   “America’s Affordability Crisis Is (Mostly) a Mirage,” The Economist   “Going Bananas Over Affordability,” Inside Economics   “Compare Wealth Components Across Groups,” The Federal Reserve   Want to keep up with The Spillover? Sign up to receive an email alert when new episodes are released.   The Spillover is a production of the Council on Foreign Relations. The opinions expressed on the show are solely those of the hosts and guests, not of the Council, which takes no institutional positions on matters of policy.